https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb Masarykova univerzita en-US Études romanes de Brno 2336-4416 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44480 Gloria Clavería Nadal Margarita Freixas Alás Esther Hernández Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 6 10 10.5817/ERB2026-1-1 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44481 This paper analyses the treatment given to letters and phonetic information in general in the 1884 edition of the DRAE. Compared to previous editions, the twelfth edition reorganizes and systematizes the information contained in the entries and removes data considered unnecessary. In addition, its relationship with other works of the Real Academia Española can be clearly seen in it, especially with grammar, in its sections about prosody and spelling. Dolors Poch Olivé Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 11 31 10.5817/ERB2026-1-2 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44482 This study examines the role of the Arabic agglutinated article (al-) in the Arabic loanwords incorporated into the twelfth edition of the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (DRAE) in 1884. Through the analysis of lexical doublets such as azalá/zalá and alnabí/nabí, the study highlights how the Academy oscillated between preserving and omitting the prefix, revealing ideological and methodological tensions in 19th-century lexicography. For centuries, the al- prefix was gradually removed from the learned register due to its association with Arabic linguistic and cultural identity. However, in the 19th century, under the influence of Orientalism and Romanticism, its restoration took on a new symbolic value. This study argues that the reintroduction of al- was not solely a philological decision but also a means of reinforcing linguistic identity, positioning Spanish against the growing influence of French in academic lexicography. Patricia Giménez-Eguíbar Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 32 51 10.5817/ERB2026-1-3 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44483 The aim of this study is threefold. First, it seeks to further explore the role of Saco y Arce in the incorporation of Galician Spanish vocabulary into the 12th edition of the academic dictionary. Second, it aims to describe his influence on the lexicographic codification of various general Spanish terms in that same work. Third, it intends to highlight this author's philological expertise. The conclusions confirm all three points: Saco was responsible for the inclusion of 60% of the Galician Spanish lexicon in the 1884 edition of the DRAE, as well as for the addition of numerous general entries, and his philological skill is evident in his effort to refine the concept of provincialismo as applied to bilingual territories. Jaime Peña Arce Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 52 73 10.5817/ERB2026-1-4 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44484 This article examines the contributions of Víctor Balaguer to the 1884 edition of the Diccionario de la lengua castellana of the Real Academia Española. Just a few weeks after being appointed a full member of the Academy in 1883, Balaguer submitted a series of proposals for additions and amendments via the card system. Through a detailed analysis based on the cards held in the RAE Archive, the entries and modifications suggested by Balaguer are highlighted, along with their impact on the twelfth edition of the DRAE, assessing which were accepted and which were discarded. Additionally, the article explores the connection between Balaguer's life and interests and some of his proposals, particularly, those related to the Philippines, America, Cuba, and Provençal literature. Emma Gallardo Richards Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 74 97 10.5817/ERB2026-1-5 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44485 The renewal of the lexicon of medicine in the 1884 edition of the DRAE favored the updating of this vocabulary in accordance with the transformation of science throughout the 19th century. The treatment of medical terms in the proposed edition contributes to a deeper understanding of 19th century lexicography, following the course of the numerous amendments and additions made by scholars in the eleventh edition. This work focuses on the first three letters of the alphabet, in which a rigorous analysis has been carried out of each of the medical entries which in the twelfth edition present changes with respect to the edition of 1869. Josefa Gómez de Enterría Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 98 121 10.5817/ERB2026-1-6 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44486 In the nineteenth century, musical culture became a tool for social exchange through philharmonic societies and bourgeois salons, giving many people the opportunity to actively participate in music. This is a phenomenon that affects not only European culture but also Spanish culture, which has important repercussions in the language: in fact, as a consequence of the development of musical technique and instruments such as the piano, new words, some of them of Italian and French origin, enter the national lexicon. The object of this research therefore focuses on the macro and micro-structural changes that occur in the twelfth edition of the DRAE in the lexical area of music, with particular attention to the neological quality of the words, their relationship with previous academic dictionaries and with non-academic dictionaries, both general and specialised. Elena Carpi Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 122 140 10.5817/ERB2026-1-7 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44487 This article analyses the treatment of the lexicon of printing in the Diccionario de la lengua castellana of 1884, an edition which exhibits a clear increase in the number of lemmas and forms in comparison with the Real Academia's previous repertoires. This increase in the number of entries is mainly fuelled by technical and scientific vocabulary. After briefly describing the context of 19th-century printing, the article examines how the profound revision that accompanied the drafting of the DRAE 1884 constitutes a turning point for the recording of typographical terminology in the tradition of the Academy. Moreover, it explores how the method of work and the contributions of collaborators belonging to the printers' guild had an impact on the representation of the words in question. Finally, it focuses in the nine headwords incorporated in the DRAE 1884 with the abbreviation Impr. Gloria Clavería Nadal Matteo De Beni Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 141 158 10.5817/ERB2026-1-8 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44488 This article studies the reasons that led the Real Academia Española to take the decision to create corresponding academies in America. At a time when governmental relations between Spain and the former colonies were practically broken, the Academia Española, based on the common language that united these territories, promoted a rapprochement through the creation of these academies. The article takes a look at Spanish-American relations throughout the 19th century and focuses on how a group of academics favoured the re-establishment of ties thanks to the defence of a common language. Mario Pedrazuela Fuentes Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 159 179 10.5817/ERB2026-1-9 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44489 In the turbulent nineteenth-century Mexico that experienced, after the War of Independence, internal struggles between liberals and conservatives, threats of foreign invasions, and the annexation to the United States of a large part of its territory, important societies and academies emerged whose purpose was to configure the concept of nation through detailed diagnoses and studies on geographical characteristics. socioeconomic and cultural characterized the national territory. Francisco Pimentel (who was a member of the Society of Geography and Statistics and the Mexican Academy of Language, among others) participated in these efforts, distinguishing himself by the quality of his demographic works, but mainly on those related to Mexican literature, from beginnings of the New Spain period to the nineteenth century, as well as the hundred languages indigenous and their corresponding dialects that he identified, described and compared. These last aspects will be the subject of our article. Pilar Máynez Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 180 195 10.5817/ERB2026-1-10 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44490 The 1884 academic dictionary (DRAE) was a turning point in the register of Americanisms, partly due to the collaboration of the first American Academies, which had just emerged in the previous years. The Mexican Academy (AM) sent 19 lists, with various suggestions for additions and amendments, of which more or less half were accepted in Madrid. This article examines the specific case of the Nahuatlisms included in 18 of these lists, a representative material for its historical and identity value. First, it looks at which Nahuatlisms are present— or not — in the DRAE 1884. Next, it describes, in broad outline, the process of adaptation of the AM proposals carried out by the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE). Third, it analyses the semantic fields to which the Nahuatlisms belong, and their presence in current Mexican dictionaries and sociolexical works, in order to understand the real validity of these Nahuatl loans and, consequently, the degree of coherence in the work of the Mexican corporation. Finally, the connection between these analytical perspectives is discussed and the existence of two partially coincident, partially distinct glottopolitical programs is suggested: the Spanish one and that of the American Academies. Pedro Martín Butragueño Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 196 224 10.5817/ERB2026-1-11 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44491 The aim of this article is to give an account of the presence of the 1884 edition in the Diccionario de chilenismos y de otras voces y locuciones viciosas by the diocesan priest Román, either directly or indirectly. The purpose is to describe the type of information present in a dictionary like Román's, as well as the possibility of typologizing this information. It will also seek to trace some critical judgments by Román regarding a phenomenon in the academic dictionary, as well as to determine the relevance or contribution of the twelfth edition of the DRAE in the history of Hispanic lexicons. Finally, this analysis aims to verify some characteristics and the importance of the twelfth edition of the DRAE. Questions of diatopy, diachrony, normativity, additions, and etymology will be central to the dialogue with the twelfth edition of the DRAE. Soledad Carla Chávez Fajardo Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 225 242 10.5817/ERB2026-1-12 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/44492 This article addresses lexicographic criticism or dictionary criticism. For this purpose, our study focuses on the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy, the main lexicographic work of the Spanish language subject to criticism. This paper focuses on the first edition of the dictionary to receive critical comments, the 12th edition, published in 1884. The critique of this edition is illustrated by the observations of authors whose works address aspects related to macrostructure and microstructure, among which the etymology, the main and novel content of the edition, stands out. It is concluded that, through lexicographical criticism, the critical remarks reflect the detailed examination of the dictionary carried out by the critic and contribute to the improvement of the work, as evidenced by the changes introduced in later editions. Enrique Jiménez Ríos Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 243 267 10.5817/ERB2026-1-13 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/41783 This article analyses the socio-cultural dimensions of Corpo celeste (2011) by Alice Rohrwacher, foregrounding its intertextual dialogue with Anna Maria Ortese's homonymous memoir. The narrative follows Marta, a preteen returning to Calabria from Switzerland, whose detachment from the parish community initiates a process of identity formation and spiritual awakening. The film denounces the devastation of the Calabrian landscape, the architectural decline of churches, and the "cultural genocide" produced by commercial television, echoing Pasolini's critique of consumerist homogenization. The study reflects on the cinematic representation of the Church as an institution emptied of meaning and deprived of its spiritual guiding function. Through direct sound recording and a realistic aesthetic, Rohrwacher conveys with immediacy the protagonist's inner tension, contrasting it with the liturgical void of institutional practices. In the conclusions, it is shown that the sacred re-emerges among marginalised and excluded subjects within contemporary society and its fractured religious and cultural landscape. Maria Caruso Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 269 280 10.5817/ERB2026-1-14 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/41788 "Auction" and "Things We Lost in the Fire" portray the defiant responses of several women to the gender-based violence they experience. Both stories can be read as political manifestos that present radically transgressive action as the only viable means for women to claim their rights to freedom and independence under extreme circumstances. Rather than attempting to persuade their aggressors through reasoned argument, the characters act upon their own bodies in order to make themselves undesirable and thus put an end to the source of that violence. Ampuero and Enriquez contribute to the broader notion of the female monster — which asserts an identity that resists patriarchal norms — by offering an additional perspective, one that emphasizes a possible cause for women's transformation into the monstrous: the perception of the violent man as cowardly, incapable of withstanding disgust. The study, adopting a philological and discursive approach, analyzes — through the rhetorical concept of ingenium — the discovery of this vulnerability and its use as a means of self-protection for the victims. Enrique Ferrari Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 281 296 10.5817/ERB2026-1-15 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/42376 This article analyses the stance of the writer Sebastià Juan Arbó toward the critical formation of the contemporary Spanish literary canon and the rise of the Latin American Boom, based on the dialogue held in the press with an anonymous correspondent who reproached him for his neglect of the literature of the Republican exile of 1939. It concludes that this attitude responds both to the writer's overall conception of the literature of his time — which he perceived as a period of decline, commercialized and dominated by ideology — and to generational and aesthetic tensions, as well as to his complex relationship with contemporary literary criticism, in which he perceived a tendency to render him invisible. Joan Antoni Forcadell Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 297 314 10.5817/ERB2026-1-16 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/42184 This paper presents one of the numerous foreign writers listed in the citations of the first lexicographical work of the Royal Spanish Academy. This author is the Czech mathematician Jakub Kresa. Knowledge of this author in Spanish is limited, so we will first attempt to expand the information to explain his presence in the Diccionario de Autoridades (1726–1739). Secondly, we will address the Geometry references included in the lexicographical repertoire, and then the citations related to this discipline in which Kresa is mentioned as an authority or as a source for the definition. Finally, we will compare the Compendio Mathematico by Vicente Tosca with Kresa's Elements of Geometry by Euclid, to show other types of citations by the Czech mathematician in Autoridades and highlight his relevance in the academic dictionary Beatriz Gómez-Pablos Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 315 340 10.5817/ERB2026-1-17 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/41074 The paper presents a new voice in the Portuguese-speaking literature of Guinea-Bissau: Né Vaz, a female author of Pérola roubada (2019) and Conversas íntimas (2022), deconstructing and reinventing gender identities in her native culture. This recent example of West African women's writing approaches with a great audacity the themes hitherto treated as taboos, such as paedophilia. Né Vaz rewrites the way how female sexuality has been treated in predominantly male Guinean literature. To understand the cultural specificity in which Vaz's writing is immersed, such gender constructs as matchundadi and omi matchu will be explained. Also, it is important to see the background of fictional female biographies invented by Guinean male writers. Such a contextualisation permits to grasp the originality of the two novels analysed as part of the quest for innovative, more authentic construct of fictional female individual voice and an invention of a paradigm of dialogue between female literary figures, inscribed in the new reality and aspirations of an emergent Guinean middle class. Ewa A. Łukaszyk Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 341 354 10.5817/ERB2026-1-18 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/41784 We propose an analysis of the system and use of forms of address (FA) in the Portuguese Parliament, focusing on the discursive genre of parliamentary debate. The study covers the last 50 years, coinciding with the democratic period in Portugal. Adopting a diachronic approach, we aim to identify pronominal and nominal FAs over this period to determine changes in their use within a specific debate subgenre: motions of censure against the government. Accordingly, we selected five debates, one per decade, including the first and last, held in 1982 and 2023, respectively. This diachronic and quantitative perspective is complemented by a qualitative analysis of FAs in context, grounded in the parliamentary communicative framework and interactional dynamics. We focused on the text level and the role of the interlocutors. We hypothesize that the discursive status and objectives of taking the floor influence the use of unmarked and marked forms of address, corresponding to those provided for and not provided for in the Rules of Procedure. Maria Aldina Marques Isabel Margarida Duarte Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 355 371 10.5817/ERB2026-1-19 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/42208 It is well known that I Fiori delle rime de' poeti illustri (1558) and the Rime scelte da diversi eccellenti autori (1563) are among the principal Italian collections from which Philippe Desportes drew his inspiration. However, we have identified numerous poems in these anthologies that were clearly imitated by Desportes but have gone unnoticed until now. Our article briefly analyzes each of these discoveries, in order to show how much the French poet owes to the Italian original and which aspects of the model he deemed necessary to modify. Eduardo Aceituno Martínez Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 372 391 10.5817/ERB2026-1-20 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/41459 The opposition between para and por represents one of the main difficulties for learners of Spanish as a foreign language, due to the semantic complexity of these prepositions, their low salience in oral discourse, and their limited cross-linguistic correspondence. Following a critical review of previous research, as well as an analysis of the Cervantes Institute Curriculum Plan (2006) and various teaching materials in order to identify factors that may hinder their acquisition, this study proposes an approach based on the individual treatment of each preposition. To this end, it draws on the principles of Cognitive Grammar, as its descriptive tools can facilitate the processing, assimilation, and use of these forms, while reducing the cognitive load associated with understanding and memorizing the lists of uses and examples traditionally employed in their instruction. Raquel Rodríguez Fernández Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 392 412 10.5817/ERB2026-1-21 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/41750 In this research, I aim to examine whether tempo or pauses contribute more to perception from the view of speed and intelligibility, and whether this is influenced by the source of the audio file: if it is a coursebook recording, has been produced by an everyday speaker or has been generated by artificial intelligence. Hungarian beginner-level learners of Spanish have filled in four questionnaires in which they listened to and evaluated audio samples according to perceived speed and intelligibility. The recordings of the questionnaires came from the aforementioned sources and differed from each other based on tempo (normal or slow) and pauses (present or absent), but they all contained the same content (text). The results show that most students correctly identified the fastest and slowest samples and selected these recordings as the most easily and most difficult to understand. However, the responses do not seem to have any relationship with the source of the recordings. Although no clear tendencies have been found, the obtained data suggest that rather tempo and not pauses influences the perception of speed and intelligibility. Dorottya Szabó-Kovács Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 413 436 10.5817/ERB2026-1-22 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/41230 This article analyzes the diachronic and geographical evolution of the form ansí, a historical variant of the adverb así, which was prominently used in Classical Spanish. The study has a dual objective: first, to delineate the different stages that explain the trajectory of this adverb in the past; second, to determine whether its origin was diatopically marked and, if so, to identify its main centers of diffusion within the Iberian Peninsula. To this end, 8,793 occurrences of the así/ansí alternation have been examined, drawn from four historical corpora covering a six-century period, from 1300 to 1900. The results allow for the identification of six key stages in its development, highlighting its peak in the 16th century and its gradual decline from the 18th century onwards. Furthermore, the study reveals that its usage was predominant in the central-western region of the peninsula and that its diffusion followed a north-south axis, spreading across much of the territory before its abrupt disappearance. Gael Vaamonde Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 437 459 10.5817/ERB2026-1-23 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/42571 Adéla Dvořáková Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 461 463 10.5817/ERB2026-1-24 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/erb/article/view/42843 Laia Benavent-Llinares Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.cs 2026-04-30 2026-04-30 47 1 464 466 10.5817/ERB2026-1-25