https://journals.phil.muni.cz/studia-historica-brunensia Masarykova univerzita cs-CZ Studia historica Brunensia 1803-7429 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/studia-historica-brunensia/article/view/38886 In the summer of 1939, Anglo-Japanese relations were extremely tense. A major change in the situation occurred with the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the outbreak of World War Two. These events completely remodeled the existing system of alliances. Britain and Japan started to seek the possibility of rapprochement. However, due to a conflict of interests in China, the anti-Japanese attitude of the United States and general distrust in both countries towards each other, a reset in Anglo-Japanese relations could not be reached. Adam Mordzak Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode.cs 2024-06-28 2024-06-28 71 1 5 24 10.5817/SHB2024-1-1 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/studia-historica-brunensia/article/view/38887 This text examines U. S. foreign policy toward the Eastern Bloc during Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency. Specifically, the text focuses on the "revolutionary" events unfolding in Poland and then Hungary during 1956 and the U. S. government's discussions of possible responses to these events, which included discussions of possible retaliatory measures, particularly of an economic nature, and efforts to achieve global diplomatic condemnation of the violent intervention of the Polish and Soviet armies. The text also compares U. S. policy toward the two countries and attempts to place this response in the broader context of U. S. foreign policy strategy at the time, which was influenced by both the strategy of containment and Dulles's proclamation of the "liberation of captive nations". David Mareček Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode.cs 2024-06-28 2024-06-28 71 1 25 50 10.5817/SHB2024-1-2 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/studia-historica-brunensia/article/view/38888 The territory of Slovakia, during the period when it was part of Hungary, was considered a food storehouse, which was in charge of procuring the majority of food supplies for the country. Nothing about this changed even during the existence of the interwar Czechoslovak Republic, in which the southern part of Slovakia was the republic's "granary". The situation in the agrarian area significantly worsened with the adoption of the arbitration decision, on the basis of which the southern territory of Slovakia was ceded to Hungary. The paper focuses on the research of the agricultural situation in the period of the post-arbitration decision in the southern border areas of Slovakia and at the same time in the ceded territory of Hungary. The aim of the paper is to research the effects of the Vienna Arbitration on agriculture in the mentioned territories and, subsequently, on stabilization of the situation in the period from November 2, 1938 to March 14, 1939. Patrik Beňuš Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode.cs 2024-06-28 2024-06-28 71 1 51 69 10.5817/SHB2024-1-3 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/studia-historica-brunensia/article/view/38889 The topic of the article are religious conflicts in the 1920's judged by the Regional court in Uherské Hradiště. In most cases, paragraphs 122 and 303 of the Criminal Code were used. Those paragraphs protected the churches against criticism and disruption of their ceremonies. Other laws were used to protect religion in cases of violence between members of different confessions. The analysis focuses on the discourse of the criticism. Besides that, the causes of conflicts are another topic of the research. The author pays his attention to how the state was solving the conflicts and how the offenders were punished. Adam Strašák Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode.cs 2024-06-28 2024-06-28 71 1 71 96 10.5817/SHB2024-1-4 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/studia-historica-brunensia/article/view/38890 In the period of the First Republic, the journalist Alfred Fuchs stood, as he stated of himself, between two sides – as a Christian he was close to the Catholic Church, but at the same time his views were those of the so-called Castle and he put himself at the service of the state press. His straddling of the two conflicting sides was particularly evident in his reflections on the connection between political views and religious convictions. This paper analyses Fuchs's defence of democracy from the position of a Catholic intellectual and his efforts to find harmony between the two sides. Petra Černá Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode.cs 2024-06-28 2024-06-28 71 1 97 110 10.5817/SHB2024-1-5 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/studia-historica-brunensia/article/view/38891 The aim of this article is to introduce the Czech reader to the issue of the relationship between National Socialism and occultism. In Western Europe, these relationships have been explored since the 1970s, when historians James Webb and Nicholas Goodric Clarke began to explore them. In the Czech environment, however, serious research on this topic is still relatively unknown and a minimum of scientists are devoted to it. Conversely, Popular culture and lovers of mysteries produce countless fantastic stories about Nazi wizards, secret societies controlling the NSDAP, or Nazi quests for the Holy Grail. This ensures a tabloid impression. But if we overcome this impression, we will find that the issue of the relationship between Nazism and occultism is a story about the rapid intellectual, religious and especially political development of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, when at other times marginal occult ideas and fantasies could influence the development of entire states. This text is therefore a basic summary of the information known so far about the relationship between National Socialism and occultism. It is processed in the form of a sampling method into the conclusions of research carried out so far and the resulting literature. In it, we observe the intermingling of German nationalism and occultism at the end of the 19th century, which leads to the emergence of a chauvinist and racist occult teaching, the so-called Ariosophy. Ariosophy spread through Austria-Hungary and the German Empire, becoming the political program of various occult and political organizations. In Bavaria, the main representative of Ariosophy is the Thule Society, and the Thule agitation among the workers gave rise to the DAP in 1919, and from 1920 to the NSDAP. The end of the text is devoted to the NSDAP's ambivalent relationship to the occult. Since 1941, the party faction opposing occultism was victorious and the great persecution of occultists begins. The text introduces the reader to Reinhard Heydrich’s order of June 4, 1941, which begins the persecution. Jan Ševčík Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode.cs 2024-06-28 2024-06-28 71 1 111 137 10.5817/SHB2024-1-6 https://journals.phil.muni.cz/studia-historica-brunensia/article/view/38892 The paper is focused on the Nazi settlement policy in Central Europe during World War II, with a focus on the displacement of inhabitants due to the creation or expansion of military training grounds. Several of these relocations took place in occupied Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Poland and played a key role in Nazi Germanization policy. In addition to the state of existing research on the topic, the paper is focused on the delineating the basic contours of these plans, which were presented by the occupiers themselves primarily as military needs of the Reich. In fact, it was one of the few Germanization plans implemented, the main process of which was to take place after the victorious war. The paper will also attempt to compare the situation in neighbouring countries and thus arrive at new directions in which further research can be directed. The forced migration flows of Czechs and Polishes and the subsequent post-war displacement of German inhabitants from Central and Eastern Europe had a major impact on the shape of the old continent in the second half of the 20th century. The impact of these migrations can still be seen today. With this analogy, we can also observe how seemingly marginal migration processes can trigger large population movements in the dicta of a big giant, in this case the Nazi eagle. Dana Vedra Copyright © https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode.cs 2024-06-28 2024-06-28 71 1 139 163 10.5817/SHB2024-1-7