Historicizing Martyrdom in 19th and 20th Century Japan: A Political and Cul-tural Context

Amato, Angelo. “Chiesa di martiri? Attualità delle persecuzioni.” Consacrazione e Servizio, no. 4 (April 2009). http://www.usminazionale.it/2009_04/amato.htm.
Amino Yoshihiko 網野善彦. Nihonron no shiza: Rettō no shakai to kokka 日本論の視座：列島の社会と国家. Shōgakukan, 1990.
Anesaki Masaharu 姉崎正治. Kirishitan dendō no kōhai 切支丹伝道の興廃. Kokusho Kankōkai, 1976.
Aoki Tamotsu 青木保. Nihon bunkaron no hen’yō: Sengo Nihon no bunka to aidentitii 日本文化論の変容：戦後日本の文化とアイデンティティ. Chūō Kōronsha, 1990.
Barshay, Andrew E. The Social Sciences in Modern Japan: The Marxian and Modernist Traditions. University of California Press, 2004.
Beccaria, Cesare. Dei delitti e delle pene. Livorno, 1764.
Beccaria, Cesare Bonesana. Dei delitti e delle pene. Edited by Renato Fabietti. Letteratura italiana Einaudi, 1973.
Befu Harumi 別府晴美. Ideorogī to shite no Nihon bunkaron イデオロギーとしての日本文化論. Shisō no Kagakusha, 1987.
Bellah, Robert N. “Japan’s Cultural Identity: Some Reflections on the Work of Watsuji Tetsurō.” Journal of Asian Studies 24, no. 4 (1965): 573–594.
Benesch, Oleg. Inventing the Way of the Samurai: Nationalism, Internationalism, and Bushido in Modern Japan. Oxford University Press, 2014.
Bernardoni, Virgilio, and Arthur Groos, eds. Madama Butterfly: L’orientalismo di fine secolo, l’approccio pucciniano, la ricezione. L. S. Olschki, 2008.
Botsman, Daniel V. Punishment and Power in the Making of Modern Japan. Princeton University Press, 2005.
Boxer, Charles Ralph. The Christian Century in Japan 1549–1650. University of California Press, 1951.
Breen, John. “Beyond the Prohibition: Christianity in Restoration Japan.” In Japan and Christianity: Impacts and Responses, edited by John Breen and Mark Williams, 75–93. Palgrave Macmillan, 1996.
Breen, John. “Shinto and Christianity: A History of Conflict and Compromise.” In Handbook of Christianity in Japan, edited by Mark R. Mullins, 249–276. Brill, 2003.
Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Japan. “来日の記録” (Record of the Visit to Japan). Accessed February 2026. https://www.cbcj.catholic.jp/catholic/pope/johnpaulii/popeinjp/.
Chevalier, Jean-Frédéric. “Jesuit Neo-Latin Tragedy in France.” In Neo-Latin Drama in Early Modern Europe, edited by Jan Bloemendal and Howard Norland, 437–439. Brill, 2013.
Chevalier, Jean-Frédéric. “La violence dans le théâtre jésuite en France au début du XVIIᵉ siècle: Formes et enjeux d’une réécriture.” Littératures classiques 73 (2010): 224–225.
Christin, Olivier. Introduction to Dictionnaire des concepts nomades en sciences humaines, edited by Olivier Christin, 11–12. Métailié, 2010.
Cieslik, Hubert. Geibi Kirishitan shiryō 芸備キリシタン史料. Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1968.
Considine, John Joseph. The Vatican Mission Exposition: A Window on the World. Macmillan, 1925.
Dale, Peter N. The Myth of Japanese Uniqueness. St. Martin’s Press, 1986.
Diehl, Chad R. “Resurrecting Nagasaki: Reconstruction, the Urakami Catholics, and Atomic Memory, 1945–1970.” PhD diss., Columbia University, 2011.
Ditchfield, Simon. “Thinking with Saints: Sanctity and Society in the Early Modern World.” Critical Inquiry 35, no. 3 (2009): 552–584.
Doak, Kevin M. “Akutagawa Ryūnosuke: A Christian Life.” In Handbook of Japanese Christian Writers, edited by Mark Williams, Van C. Gessel, and Yamane Michihiro, 64–83. Amsterdam University Press, 2022.
Durkheim, Émile. Le Suicide: Étude de sociologie. Félix Alcan, 1897.
Ebisawa Arimichi 海老沢有道. “Nihon Nijūroku Seijin no Kotodomo” 二十六聖人のことども. Koe (Vox Catholica) 聲 838 (1947): 11–13.
Faure, Bernard. The Rhetoric of Immediacy: A Cultural Critique of Chan/Zen Buddhism. Princeton University Press, 1991.
Fenouillot de Falbaire de Quingey, Charles-Georges. Les Jammabos ou Les moines japonois: Tragédie dédiée aux mânes d’Henri IV et suivie de remarques historiques. Société typographique de Neuchâtel, 1779.
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. Vintage Books, 1977.
Friedland, Paul. Seeing Justice Done: The Age of Spectacular Capital Punishment in France. Oxford University Press, 2012.
Fróis, Luís. Relación del martirio de los 26 cristianos crucificados en Nangasaqui el 5 febrero de 1597. Edited by Romualdo Galdós Baertel. Tip. de la Pont. Univ. Gregoriana, 1935.
Gilbert, William Schwenck. The Mikado. Edited by Philip Smith. Dover Publications, 1992.
Gluck, Carol. “The ‘End’ of the Postwar: Japan at the Turn of the Millennium.” In States of Memory: Continuities, Conflicts, and Transformations in National Retrospection, edited by Jeffrey K. Olick, 289–314. Duke University Press, 2003.
Glynn, Paul. A Song for Nagasaki. Marist Fathers Books, 1988.
Gotor, Miguel. I beati del papa: Santità, Inquisizione e obbedienza in età moderna. Leo S. Olschki, 2002.
Hardacre, Helen. Shintō and the State, 1868–1988. Princeton University Press, 1989.
Iggulden, Amy. “Opera Expert Says Puccini’s Butterfly Is ‘Racist’.” The Telegraph, February 14, 2007.
Irie Hiroshi 入江浩. “Yakusha maegaki” 訳者前書き. In Gendaigoyaku Kirishitan senketsu isho 現代語訳・切支丹鮮血遺書, edited by Matsuzaki Minoru, translated by Irie Hiroshi, 13–20. San’yō Shuppansha, 1996.
Iyoku Hideaki 伊能秀明. “Fujita Shintarō henga ‘Tokugawa bakufu keiji zufu’ (fukkoku to kaisetsu)” 藤田新太郎編画『徳川幕府刑事図譜』（復刻と解説）. Meiji Daigaku Hakubutsukan kenkyū hōkoku 明治大学博物館研究報告 4 (1999): 103.
Kant, Immanuel. Beobachtungen über das Gefühl des Schönen und Erhabenen (1764). In Immanuel Kant’s Kritik der Urtheilskraft und Beobachtungen des Schönen und Erhabenen, edited by Karl Rosenkranz. Leopold Voss, 1838.
Kant, Immanuel. Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings. Edited by Patrick Frierson and Paul Guyer. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Kataoka Yakichi 片岡弥吉. Urakami yonban kuzure: Meiji seifu no Kirishitan dan’atsu 浦上四番崩れ：明治政府のキリシタン弾圧. Chikuma Shobō, 1963.
Katorikku Kōhō Iinkai カトリック広報委員会, ed. Kyōkō Yohane Pauro nisei hōnichi kōshiki messeji 教皇ヨハネ・パウロ二世訪日公式メッセージ. Chūō Shuppansha, 1981.
Kersten, Rikki. Democracy in Postwar Japan: Maruyama Masao and the Search for Autonomy. Routledge, 1996.
Koyano Atsushi 小谷野敦. Kikageki Mikado: Jūkyūseiki Eikokujin ga mita Nippon 喜歌劇ミカド：十九世紀英国人がみた日本. Chūō Kōronsha, 2002.
LaFleur, William R. “A Turning in Taishō: Asia and Europe in the Early Writings of Watsuji Tetsurō.” In Culture and Identity: Japanese Intellectuals during the Interwar Years, edited by J. Thomas Rimer, 234–256. Princeton University Press, 1990.
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim. Hamburgische Dramaturgie. 1767. Translated by Wendy Arons and Sara Figal. In The Hamburg Dramaturgy by G.E. Lessing: A New and Complete Annotated English Translation, edited by Natalya Baldyga. Routledge, 2018.
Lim, Jie-Hyun. “Victimhood Nationalism in Contested Memories: National Mourning and Global Accountability.” In Memory in a Global Age, edited by Aleida Assmann et al., 138–162. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
Maruyama Masao 丸山真男. Maruyama Masao kōgiroku 1948–1967. Vol. 6, Nihon seiji shisōshi 丸山眞男講義録第6冊：日本政治思想史. University of Tokyo Press, 2000.
Matsuzaki Minoru. “Kaihan jobun” 改版序文. In Kōchū Kirishitan Senketsu isho 考註切支丹鮮血遺書, by Aimé Villon, Kako Giichi, and Matsuzaki Minoru, 1–3. Kaizōsha/Katorikku Kankōkai, 1926.
Mitford, Algernon Bertram (Lord Redesdale). Tales of Old Japan. 2 vols. Macmillan, 1871.
Miyazaki Kentarō. “The Kakure Kirishitan Tradition.” In Handbook of Christianity in Japan, edited by Mark R. Mullins, 19–34. Brill, 2003.
Mori Kazuhiro 森一弘. “Taishō Shōwa zenki no Nihon no Katorikku kyōkai no senkyō shisei ni hikari wo ateru” 大正・昭和前期の日本のカトリック教会の宣教姿勢に光をあてる. In Nihon no kyōkai no senkyō no hikari to kage: Kirishitan jidai kara no senkyō no rekishi o furikaeru 日本の教会の宣教の光と影：キリシタン時代からの宣教の歴史を振り返る, 181. Sanpauro, 2003.
Muneroni, Stefano. Hermenegildo and the Jesuits: Staging Sainthood in the Early Modern Period. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Nitobe Inazō. Bushido: The Soul of Japan. Leeds & Biddle, 1900.
Nogueira Ramos, Martin. La foi des ancêtres: Chrétiens cachés et catholiques dans la société villageoise japonaise (XVIIᵉ–XIXᵉ siècles). CNRS Éditions, 2019.
Omata Rappo, Hitomi. “Death on the Cross: The Beatification of the Twenty-Six Martyrs of Nagasaki (1627) and the Iconography of the Crucifixion.” In A la luz de Roma: Santos y santidad en el barroco iberoamericano. Vol. 3, Tierra de santidad, edited by Fernando Quiles et al., 129–150. Roma Tre Press, 2020.
Omata Rappo, Hitomi. Des Indes lointaines aux scènes des collèges: Les reflets des martyrs de la mission japonaise en Europe (XVIᵉ–XVIIIᵉ siècle). Aschendorff, 2020.
Omata Rappo, Hitomi. “From the Cross to the Pyre: The Representation of the Martyrs of Japan in Jesuit Prints.” Journal of Jesuit Studies 10, no. 3 (2023): 456–486.
Omata Rappo, Hitomi. “Japanese Martyrs in French Jesuit Drama (Late Seventeenth–Early Eighteenth Century): Between Violence and Bienséance.” In Japan on the Jesuit Stage, edited by Haruka Oba, Florian Schaffenrath, and Akihiko Watanabe, 87–131. Brill, 2021.
Omata Rappo, Hitomi. “Jūroku-jūnanaseiki Yōroppa ni okeru Nihon jōhō to Nihon no imēji” 十七–十八世紀ヨーロッパにおける日本情報と日本のイメージ. In Iwanami kōza sekaishi. Vol. 15, Shuken kokka to kakumei 岩波講座世界歴史第15巻：主権国家と革命, edited by Kibata Yōichi 木畑洋一 and Yasumura Naoki 安村直己, 271–290. Iwanami Shoten, 2023.
Omata Rappo, Hitomi 小俣ラポー日登美. “Jūshichi-jūhasseiki Nichiōkan no seiibutsu no tabi” 十七・十八世紀日欧間の聖遺物の旅. Metoroporitan shigaku メトロポリタン史学 17 (2021): 5–39.
Omata Rappo, Hitomi. Junkyō no Nihon: Kinsei Yōroppa ni okeru senkyō no retorikku 殉教の日本―近世ヨーロッパにおける宣教のレトリック. Nagoya Daigaku Shuppankai, 2023.
Omata Rappo, Hitomi. “La quête des reliques dans la mission du Japon (XVIᵉ–XVIIIᵉ siècle).” Archives des Sciences Sociales des Religions 177 (2017): 257–282.
Omata Rappo, Hitomi. “Le Japon mis en scène: du Collegio Romano au collège Saint-Michel de Fribourg.” In Die Wiederherstellung der Gesellschaft Jesu: Vorbereitung, Durchführung, Wahrnehmung, edited by Paul Oberholzer, 579–602. Freiburger Universitätsverlag, 2019.
Omata Rappo, Hitomi. “Les Jammabos, ou les moines japonais (1779): Une parodie du théâtre jésuite.” In Le théâtre de collège au XVIIIᵉ siècle, edited by Nicolas Brucker, 53–68. Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 2023.
Omata Rappo, Hitomi. “Memories of a ‘Christian Past’ in Japan: The Museum of the Twenty-Six Martyrs in Nagasaki.” Anais de História de Além-Mar 18 (2016): 249–282.
Omata Rappo, Hitomi. “Profiling the Japanese Martyrs: The Beatification Process of the Twenty-Six Martyrs of Nagasaki (1597–1627).” In Profiling Saints, edited by Eleonora Rai et al., 289–304. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2023.
Ono (Matsuzaki) Minoru 小野（松崎）実. Kirishitan no junkyōsha 『切支丹の殉教者』. Shunjūsha, 1922.
Pacheco, Diego ディエゴ・パチェコ. “Nihon nijūroku seijin no tabiji ni kansuru oboegaki” 日本二十六聖人の旅路に関する覚書. Kirishitan kenkyū キリシタン研究 8 (1963): 17.
Pocock, John G. A. Review of Reappraisals in History, by J. H. Hexter. History and Theory 3, no. 1 (1963): 121–122.
Ribadeneira, Marcelo. Historia de las islas del Archipiélago Filipino y reinos de la Gran China, Tartaria, Cochinchina, Malaca, Siam, Cambodge y Japón. Edited by Juan R. de Legísima. La Editorial Católica, 1947.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Du Contrat social. Amsterdam, 1762.
Satō Shin’ichi 佐藤慎一. Kindai Chūgoku no chishikijin to bunmei 近代中国の知識人と文明. Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai, 1996.
Satō Yoshiake 佐藤吉昭. Kirisutokyō ni okeru junkyō kenkyū キリスト教における殉教研究. Sōbunsha, 2007.
Schopenhauer, Arthur. Parerga und Paralipomena. 2nd ed. 1851. Vol. 2.
Suter, Rebecca. Holy Ghosts: The Christian Century in Modern Japanese Fiction. University of Hawai’i Press, 2015.
Suzuki, Daisetsu. Essays in Zen Buddhism. 3 vols. Luzac and Company, Rider and Company, Grove Press, 1927–1953.
Suzuki, Daisetsu. An Introduction to Zen Buddhism. Eastern Buddhist Society, 1934.
Suzuki, Daisetsu. Manual of Zen Buddhism. Eastern Buddhist Society, 1935.
Takaki Yoshiko 高木慶子. “Kirishitan kinsei kōsatsu tekkyo no haikei: Jūrai no kenkyū no mondaiten wo arainaosu” キリシタン禁制高札撤去の背景：従来の研究の問題点を洗い直す. Sapientia: Sei Tomasu Daigaku ronshū サピエンチア：聖トマス大学論叢 41 (2007): 1–24.
Taveneaux, René. “La Lorraine, les Habsbourg et l’Europe.” In Les Habsbourg et la Lorraine: Actes du colloque international (Nancy, 22–24 mai 1987), edited by Jean-Paul Bled, Eugène F. Aucher, and René Taveneaux, 11. Presses Universitaires de Nancy, 1988.
Tawata Shintarō 多和田真太良. “Kikageki Mikado no tanjō” 喜歌劇『ミカド』の誕生. Gakushūin Daigaku jinbun kagaku ronshū 学習院大学人文科学論集 23 (2014): 139–175.
Urakawa Wasaburō 浦川和三郎. Urakami kirishitanshi 浦上切支丹史. Zenkoku Shobō, 1943.
Valentin, Jean-Marie. “Lessing, critique de Corneille de ‘Polyeucte et Rodogune’ à la théorie de la catharsis.” In Pierre Corneille et l’Allemagne: L’œuvre dramatique de Pierre Corneille dans le monde germanique (XVIIᵉ–XIXᵉ siècles), edited by Jean-Marie Valentin, 347–348. Desjonquères, 2007.
Van Kley, Dale K. Reform Catholicism and the International Suppression of the Jesuits in Enlightenment Europe. Yale University Press, 2018.
Villon, Aimé ヴィリヨン (original author), and Kako Giichi 加古義一 (trans./ed.). Nihon seijin Senketsu isho 日本聖人鮮血遺書. Kyoto, 1887.
Volpe, Angela. I kakure: Religione e società in Giappone. 2nd rev. ed. One Way, 1992.
Voltaire. Dictionnaire philosophique. 6th ed. Cramer, 1769.
Watanabe Chiaki 渡邉千秋. “Furanko dokusai taiseika no Supein ni okeru Nihon eiga ‘Junkyōshi Nihon 26 seijin’ no jōei wo megutte” フランコ独裁体制下のスペインにおける日本映画『殉教血史日本二十六聖人』の上映をめぐって. Aoyama kokusai seikei ronshū 青山国際政経論集 94 (2015): 183–196.
Watanabe Hiroshi 渡辺浩. Nihon seiji shisōshi: Jūshichi-jūkyūseiki 日本政治思想史：十七〜十九世紀. University of Tokyo Press, 2010.
Watsuji Tetsurō 和辻哲郎. Sakoku: Nihon no higeki 鎖国：日本の悲劇. Chikuma Shobō, 1950.
Watsuji Tetsurō. Watsuji Tetsurō zenshū. Vol. 13, Nihon rinri shisōshi 和辻哲郎全集第13巻：日本倫理思想史. Iwanami Shoten, 1962.
Wetmore, Kevin J., Jr. “The Cross and the Bomb: Two Catholic Dramas in Response to Nagasaki.” Journal of Religion and Theatre 1, no. 1 (Fall 2002). http://www.rtjournal.org/vol_1/no_1/wetmore.html.
Whelan, Christal. The Beginning of Heaven and Earth: The Sacred Book of Japan’s Hidden Christians. University of Hawai’i Press, 1996.
Wisenthal, Jonathan, et al., eds. A Vision of the Orient: Texts, Intertexts, and Contexts of Madame Butterfly. University of Toronto Press, 2006.
Yamanashi Atsushi 山梨淳. “Eiga ‘Junkyō kesshi Nihon nijūroku seijin’ to Hirayama Masajū: 1930 nendai zenhanki nihon katorikku kyōkai no bunka jigyō” 映画『殉教血史日本二十六聖人』と平山政十——一九三〇年代前半期日本カトリック教会の文化事業. Nihon kenkyū 日本研究 41 (2010): 179–217.
Yamauchi Keisuke 山内継祐. Yohane Pauro nisei: Nihon no yokkakan ヨハネ・パウロ二世：日本の四日間. Freepress, 2005.