Proč zrovna zombie: nemrtví jako kritičtí posthumanisté

Roč.18,č.2(2015)

Abstrakt
Studie si klade dvě otázky: proč jsme přivedli živé mrtvé zpět v tolika různých zpodobněních a jaký je kulturní význam jejich posledního vzkříšení? Co se druhé otázky týče, navrhuji tři odpovědi: za prvé, zombie se staly biotechnologickým ekvivalentem science fiction kyborgů, protože vyjadřují stejné obavy, a plní tak obdobnou kulturní funkci. Za druhé, jako lidé přetvoření v jiný druh jsou posthumánní a jejich vyhlazovací válka s lidstvem je analogická snahám terminátorů, kyborgů a umělých inteligencí ze science fiction. Stejně tak je ohlašovaná "zombie apokalypsa" fikčně historickým evolučním zlomem příbuzným "technologické singularitě" Johna von Neumanna a Vernora Vinge. Za třetí, posun ve vysvětlování zombifikace od nadpřirozeného k vědeckému v 60. letech minulého století představuje reakci na instrumentální myšlení, technovědu, modernitu a hodnoty humanizmu. To je zřejmé ze současných příkladů, v nichž je zombie výsledkem epidemie zapříčiněné genetickými experimenty. Tvrdím, že zombie tohoto tisíciletí je pozdním potomkem antihumanismu a kritického posthumanismu. A konečně, jako odpověď na první otázku předkládám sedm tezí založených na zkoumání fenoménu zombií a vysvětlujících přetrvávající životnost a proměnlivost tohoto monstra.

Klíčová slova:
Zombie; posthumánní; technologická singularita; humanismus; antihumanismus

Stránky:
59–82
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