Вопросы славистики в переписке Г.В. фон Лейбница и Ю.Г. Спарвенфельда

Vol.15,No.Supplementum 2(2012)

Ulla Birgegård

Stable URL (handle):
http://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/125934

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Abstract
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646–1716) was a man of all possible gifts. Mainly a philosopher and a mathematician, he was also very interested in languages and took an active part in the linguistic discussions of his time. Leibniz was passionately interested in Russia. He believed that in the person of Tsar Peter he had found somebody who would be able to contribute to the development of the country. Leibniz wrote several memorials to Tsar Peter with suggestions on how to improve the cultural level in Russia. An important source of our knowledge about the history of Slavistics in the 17-th century is the correspondence between Leibniz and the Swede Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld (1655–1727). He was well known for his language skills and for his particular love and mastery of the Slavic languages and was renowned as the author of a Lexicon Slavonicum, a large Slavic-Latin dictionary in four volumes which he compiled after three years in Moscow in the 1680.s. The correspondence between these two contains much of interest concerning Slavica. Leibniz was very interested in etymology and the relationship between different languages. He was also active in a project to create a universal alphabet, with the final goal to create a universal language. He turns to Sparwenfeld with questions regarding the relationship between the Slavic languages and asks him to send him short texts in different Slavic languages for him to study. Sparwenfeld provides him with fragments of Bible texts in Russian-Church Slavonic, Slovenian, Czech, Polish and Russian, pointing out that no other languages are as closely related as the Slavic ones. To show to Leibniz that this is really the case he writes all the fragments in the Latin alphabet and "normalizes" the spelling to illustrate that Church Slavonic is the mother language and the other languages are the "daughters". Sparwenfeld was also asked by Leibniz to help in the creation of a universal alphabet by providing him with suggestions how to transcribe the sounds of the Slavic languages in the Latin alphabet. Sparwenfeld agrees and compiles a table with his suggestions, but halfheartedly, as he is in fact convinced, that only the Cyrillic alphabet is fully functional in expressing the true pronunciation of the Slavic sounds. Instead of writing all Slavic languages in the Latin alphabet he would prefer for all Slavic languages to return to the Cyrillic alphabet.

Keywords:
Leibniz; Sparwenfeld; relationship between Slavic languages; universal alphabet

Pages:
47–60
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