Psl. *plugъ < z germ. *plōgu-/*plōga- < kelt.?

Roč.64,č.2(2016)

Václav Blažek Kristýna Dufková

Trvalý odkaz (handle):
http://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/136173

PDF
Abstrakt
In the article the primary source of Slavic *plugъ and West Germanic *plōgu-/*plōga- "plough" is discussed. The old idea of the Celtic origin leading to Cis-Alpine Gaulish *plou̯u- "plough" and *plou̯u-ambio-rātī "plough on both wheels" is analyzed in details. The u-stem *plou̯u- is derivable from the Celtic verb *ku̯leu̯-, continuing in Old Irish cloïd "turns (back), repels; turns the edge (of weapons); overthrows, destroys; changes", related to Greek πολεύω "I turn or go about" (intr.); "turn up the soil with the plough" (tr.) < *ku̯ol-eu̯-i̯ō, besides Greek πολέω "I go about, range over, haunt; turn up the earth with plough, plough"; Latin colere "to live in, inhabit; till, cultivate, farm (land); grow, cultivate (fruit, crops)". The Cis-Alpine Gaulish *plou̯u-, originally probably "turning {earth}", was during first centuries CE romanized into plōvum, in the end of the 6th cent. borrowed by Langobards and around 600 spread in Bavaria, where it was adapted in the form *plōgu-/*plōga- in agreement with Verner's law. This form was spread to the north to other West Germanic tribal dialects during the 7th century and to the east, along the stream of the Danube to the Caranthanian and Pannonian Slavs which distributed the term to more distant Slavic dialects, all probably during the 7th-8th cent.

Klíčová slova:
Slavic; Germanic; Celtic; Gaulish; cultural term; plough; borrowing

Stránky:
55–63
Reference

Baist, Gottfried. 1886. Ploum – plaumorati. Archiv für lateinische Lexicographie und Grammatik mit Einschluss des älteren Mittellateins. 3, s. 285–286.

Blažek, Václav. 2013. Glottochronology, its principles and results. In: Vykypěl, Bohumil – Boček, Vít, eds. Etymology: An Old Discipline in New Context. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, s. 41–65.

Bratanić, Branimir. 1952. On the antiquity of the one-sided plough in Europe, especially among the Slavic peoples. In: Laos, études comparées de folklore ou d'ethnologie régionale; comparative studies of folklore and regional ethnology II, s. 51–61.

Caesar, C. Julius. Commentarii Rerum in Gallia Gestarum. Holmes, Thomas E. R. (ed.). 1914. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Delamarre, Xavier. 2001. Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental. Paris: Errance.

DIL = Dictionary of the Irish Language: Based Mainly on Old and Middle Irish Materials. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy (Compact Edition) 1998.

ESJS = Havlová, Eva et alii, eds. 1989–2014. Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského 1–17. Praha: Academia – Brno: Tribun EU.

Falk, Hjalmar – Torp, Alf. 1909. Wörterbuch der Indogermanischen Sprachen. Dritter Teil: Wortschatz der Germanischen Spracheinheit. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.

Gellius, Aulus. The Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius. Rolfe, John C., ed. 1927. London: Heinemann; New York: G. P. Putnam‘s Sons.

Haudricourt, André G. – Delamarre, Mariel J.–B. 1955. L'homme et la charrue à travers le monde. Paris: Gallimard.

Holder, Alfred. 1896–1913. Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz I–III. Leipzig: Teubner.

Janko, Josef. 1908. O stycích starých Slovanů s Turkotatary a Germány s hlediska jazykozpytného. Zvláštní otisk z Věstníku České Akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění 17, s. 100–131, s. 139–192.

Janko, Josef. 1909. Über Berührungen der alten Slaven mit Turkotataren und Germanen vom sprachwissenschaftlichen Standpunkt. Wörter und Sachen. 1, s. 94–109.

Kluge, Friedrich. 1999. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. 23., rozšířené vydání Seebold, Elmar, ed. Berlin – New York: Walter de Gruyter.

Kroonen, Guus. 2013. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden – Boston: Brill.

LEIA = Vendryes, Joseph – Lambert, Pierre-Yves 1959–1996. Lexique étymologique de l'irlandais ancien, Dublin – Paris: Institute for Advanced Studies – CNRS Éditions.

Matasović, Ranko. 2009. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Leiden – Boston: Brill.

Meringer, Rudolf. 1904–1905. Wörter und Sachen II (1. Pflegen, Pflicht, Pflug). Indogermanische Forschungen. 17, 100–166.

Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm. 1890. Grammatik der romanischen Sprachen I. Romanische Lautlehre. Leipzig: Reisland.

Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm. 1935. Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Winter.

Nobbe, Karl F. A. – Diller, Aubrev, eds. 1966. Claudii Ptolemaei Geographia. Hildesheim: Olms.

Novotná, Petra – Blažek, Václav. 2007. Glottochronology and its application to the Balto-Slavic languages. Baltistica. 47(2), s. 185–210.

Orel, Vladimir. 1998. Albanian Etymological Dictionary. Leiden – Boston – Köln: Brill.

Orel, Vladimir. 2003. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Leiden – Boston: Brill.

Pedersen, Holger. 1909–1913. Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen I–II. Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

Pokorny, Julius. 1959. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Bern–München: Francke.

Plinius Secundus, Gaius. Naturalis Historiae, Libri III–IV. Winkler, Gerhard – König, Roderich, eds. 1988. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.

Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia. 2013. The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic. Leiden: Brill – Rodopi.

Schaffner, Stefan. 2001. Das Vernersche Gesetz und der innerparadigmatische grammatische Wechsel des urgermanischen im Nominalbereich. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck.

Schrijver, Peter. 1991. The Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Latin. Amsterdam – Atlanta: Rodopi.

Schuster-Šewc, Heinz. 1985–1988. Historisch-etymologisches Wörterbuch der ober- und niedersorbischen Sprache 3. Bautzen: Domowina.

Servii grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii Bucolica et Georgica commentarii. Thilo, Georg, ed. 1887. Leipzig: Teubner.

Strabonis Geographica recognivit Augustus Meinecke. 1909–1913. Leipzig: Teubner.

Tacitus, Cornelius Publius. Germania. Fehrle, Eugen – Hünnerkopf, Richard, eds. 1959. Heidelberg: Winter.

Thurneysen, Rudolf. 1946. A Grammar of Old Irish. Dublin: The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.

Vasmer, Max [Fasmer, Maks]. 1986–1987. Ėtimologičeskij slovaŕ russkogo jazyka I–IV. Moskva: Progress (překlad O. N. Trubačeva z německého originálu Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter 1950–1958).

Virgilia Maróna Spisy básnické. Přeložil Karel Alois Vinařický. 1851. Praha: České museum.

de Vries, Jan. 1962. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 2., upravené vydání Leiden: Brill.

White, Lynn T. 1962. Medieval Technology and Social Change. London – Oxford – New York: Oxford University Press.

Metriky

5

Views

0

PDF views

PDF