Hex the patriarchy : about the history of feminist witchcraft and how witches on social media correspond to it and shape it
Roč.22,č.2(2024)
feminism; witchcraft; feminist witchcraft; neopaganism; digital religion; social media
27–42
Anand, T. (2018). A Brief Summary of The Second Wave of Feminism. Found [14.1.2024] at <a href=https://feminisminindia.com/2018/04/25/summary-second-wave-of-feminism/ target=_blank>https://feminisminindia.com/2018/04/25/summary-second-wave-of-feminism/.</a>
Berger, H. & Ezzy, D. (2009). Mass Media and Religious Identity: A Case Study of Young Witches. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 48(3), pp. 501–514.
Brownmiller, S. (1999). In Our Time: Memoir of a Revolution. London: Aurum Press Ltd.
Coleman, K. (2009). Re-Riting Women: Dianic Wicca and the Feminine Divine. Plymouth: AltaMira Press.
Delgado, N. (2021). WitchTok: Content Creators Are Bringing Witchcraft to Mainstream Social Media. Found [22.1.2022] at <a href=https://www.statepress.com/article/2021/03/specho-a-look-at-witchtok target=_blank>https://www.statepress.com/article/2021/03/specho-a-look-at-witchtok.</a>
Ehrenreich, B. & English, D. (1973). Witches, Midwives, and Nurses: A History of Women Healers. The Feminist Press.
Eller, C. (1991). Relativizing the Patriarchy: The Sacred History of the Feminist Spirituality Movement. History of Religions, 30(3), pp. 279–295.
Eller, C. (1993). Living in the Lap of the Goddess: The Feminist Spirituality Movement in America. Boston: Beacon.
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1937). Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande. London: Oxford University Press.
Feraro, S. (2020). The Goddess is Alive. Magic is Afoot: Radical and Cultural Feminist Influences on Z Budapest's Dianic Witchcraft During the 1970s–1980s. Nova Religio, 24(2), pp. 59–79.
Fustich, K. (2017). Why is Digital Witchcraft so Appealing to Young Women? Found [22.1.2022] at <a href=https://psmag.com/news/why-is-digital-witchcraft-so-appealing-to-young-women target=_blank>https://psmag.com/news/why-is-digital-witchcraft-so-appealing-to-young-women.</a>
Griffin, W. (1995). The Embodied Goddess: Feminist Witchcraft and Female Divinity. Sociology of Religion, 56(1), pp. 35–48.
Harris, V. (2020). Witches on Surfboards: How Witch Media Has Ridden the Waves of Feminism. Cardinal Compositions, 4, pp. 39–43.
Haenfler, R. (2013). Subcultures: The Basics. London: Routledge.
Hearn, A. & Banet-Weiser, S. (2020). The Beguiling: Glamour in / as Platformed Cultural Production. Social Media + Society, 6(1), pp. 1–11.
Hebdidge, D. (1979). Subculture: The Meaning of Style. London: Routledge.
Heckmann, C. (2020). What is New Hollywood? The Revolution of 1960s and '70s Hollywood. Found [27.9.2024] at <a href=https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-new-hollywood/ target=_blank>https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-new-hollywood/.</a>
Irigaray, L. (1993). Divine Women. In Sexes and Genealogies (pp. 55–72). New York: Columbia University Press.
Irigaray, L. (2004). Key Writings. New York: Continuum.
Kostopoulos-Riganello, J. (2009). A New Age of Goddess Worship in New Wave Feminism: Witch Way Forward? A Qualitative Study. Bachelor's Thesis. Joondalup: Edith Cowan University.
Kuang, Z. (2021). How Social Media Has Revolutionized Feminism. Found [21.1.2022] at <a href=https://www.redefy.org/stories/how-social-media-has-revolutionized-feminism target=_blank>https://www.redefy.org/stories/how-social-media-has-revolutionized-feminism.</a>
Kwaschik, A. (2023). "We Witches." Knowledge Wars, Experience and Spirituality in the Women's Movement During the 1970s. NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin, 31, pp. 171–199.
Leeson, P. & Russ, J. (2017). Witch Trials. The Economic Journal, 128, pp. 2066–2105.
Lenz, I. (2008). Die neue Frauenbewegung in Deutschland: Abschied vom kleinen Unterschied, Eine Quellensammlung. Wiesbaden: Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Lewis, I. & Russell, J. B. (2024). Witchcraft. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Found [4.5.2024] at <a href=https://www.britannica.com/topic/witchcraft target=_blank>https://www.britannica.com/topic/witchcraft.</a>
Magno, G. & Weber, I. (2014). International Gender Differences and Gaps in Online Social Networks. In L. M. Aeiello & D. McFarland (Eds.). Social Informatics 6th International Conference, SocInfo 2014 Barcelona, Spain, November 11-13, 2014 Proceedings (pp. 121–138). Heidelberg: Springer.
Mia Magik. (2019). HEX THE PATRIARCHY. Witchcraft at the Vatican. The Goddess in Rome, Italy. Making Modern Magick Ep 7. [YouTube]. Found [23.1.2022] at <a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yt2iGXuGNvQ target=_blank>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yt2iGXuGNvQ.</a>
Miller, C. (25.1.2022). How Modern Witches Enchant TikTok: Intersections of Digital, Consumer, and Material Culture(s) on #WitchTok. Religions, 13, Article 118. Found [14.11.2024] at <a href=https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020118 target=_blank>https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020118.</a>
Morrison, M. (2020). Witches of Instagram: How Social Media's Wiccans Formed a 'Community Not a Coven'. Found [22.1.2022] at <a href=https://inews.co.uk/inews-lifestyle/people/witches-social-media-instagram-youtube-wicca-209631 target=_blank>https://inews.co.uk/inews-lifestyle/people/witches-social-media-instagram-youtube-wicca-209631.</a>
Mulvey, A. P. & Keller, J. M. (2023). Brooms and Ballots: #WitchTheVote, the Nostalgic Internet, and Intersectional Feminist Politics on Instagram. Social Media + Society, 9(4), pp. 1–13.
Nice, H.. (2018). WICCA. A Modern Guide to Witchcraft & Magick. London: Orion Spring.
Orion, L. (1994). Never Again the Burning Times: Paganism Revisited. Long Grove: Waveland
Orrell, E. (2019). 'I Just Like Thinking about the Moon and Lighting Candles': 21st Century Witches on Instagram. Ethnographic Encounters, 10(1), pp. 6–12.
Pew Research Center. (2014). Religious Landscape Study. Found [29.9.2024] at <a href=https://www.pewresearch.org/religious-landscape-study/database/ target=_blank>https://www.pewresearch.org/religious-landscape-study/database/.</a>
Powell, C. (2018). How Social Media Has Reshaped Feminism. Found [21.1.2022] at <a href=https://www.cfr.org/blog/how-social-media-has-reshaped-feminism target=_blank>https://www.cfr.org/blog/how-social-media-has-reshaped-feminism.</a>
Reece, G. (2016). Contemporary Pagans and Stigmatized Identity. The Pomegranate, 18(1), pp. 60–95.
r/Wicca. (2024). r/Wicca. Found [27.9.2024] at <a href=https://www.reddit.com/r/Wicca/ target=_blank>https://www.reddit.com/r/Wicca/.</a>
r/Witchcraft. (2024). r/Witchcraft. Found [27.9.2024] at <a href=https://www.reddit.com/r/witchcraft/ target=_blank>https://www.reddit.com/r/witchcraft/.</a>
r/WitchesVsPatriarchy. (2024). WitchesVsPatriarchy. Found [27.9.2024] at <a href=https://www.reddit.com/r/WitchesVsPatriarchy/ target=_blank>https://www.reddit.com/r/WitchesVsPatriarchy/.</a>
Sehl, K. (2021). Instagram Demographics in 2021: Important User Stats for Marketers. Found [26.1.2022] at <a href=https://blog.hootsuite.com/instagram-demographics/ target=_blank>https://blog.hootsuite.com/instagram-demographics/.</a>
Sky Life. (2020). This Witch Uses Magic To Manifest Her Desires. [YouTube]. Found [23.1.2022] at <a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gT54KSwmjGI target=_blank>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gT54KSwmjGI.</a>
Souza, F. (2016). Don't Mess with a Witch: Power Relations, Gender and Subcultural Issues on Witches' Representation in the Media. Dissertation thesis. Florianópolis: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
Stausberger, M. (2020). Die Heilsbringer: Eine Globalgeschichte der Religionen im 20. Jahrhundert. C.H. Beck.
Temple of Diana Inc. (2024). Women's Mysteries. Found [3.11.2024] at <a href=https://www.templeo-fdiana.org/ target=_blank>https://www.templeo-fdiana.org/.</a>
Thrift, S. (2020). Digital Feminism: Networks of Resistance, Neo-Liberalism, and New Contexts for Activism in Canada. In T. A. Small & H. J. Jansen (Eds.). Digital Politics in Canada: Promises and Realities (pp. 263–286). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Trammell, S. (2020). Witch-Media: A Lens for Understanding Female Empowerment. Waco: Baylor University.
White, E. (2016). Wicca: History, Belief, and Community in Modern Pagan Witchcraft. Chicago: Sussex Academic Press.
Wills, K. (2021). They Wear Balenciaga, Cast Spells on Instagram Live and Swear by Sound-Healing – Meet the New Breed of London Witches. Found [22.1.2022] at <a href=https:// target=_blank>https://</a> www.standard.co.uk/insider/london-witches-feminism-urban-witchcraft-b962858.html.
Winter, M. T., Lummis, A., & Stokes, A. (1994). Defecting in Place. Women Claiming Re-sponsibility for their Own Spiritual Lives. New York: Crossroad.
W.I.T.C.H. (2020). W.I.T.C.H. Manifesto. In Fahs, B. (Ed.). Burn it Down! Feminist Manifestos for the Revolution (p. 465). London: Verso.
Winquist, C. (2023). Feminism and Witchcraft on Reddit – A Mixed Methods Analysis of r/WitchesVsPatriarchy. Master's thesis. Malmö: Malmö University.
Women's Media Center. (2017). Divided 2017: The Media Gender Gap. Found [14.11.2024] at <a href=https://womensmediacenter.com/reports/divided-2017 target=_blank>https://womensmediacenter.com/reports/divided-2017.</a>
Zeisler, A. (2016). We Were Feminists Once: From Riot Grrrl to CoverGirl®, the Buying and Selling of a Political Movement. New York: Public Affairs.
Copyright © 2025 Sacra