Delays and Dropouts: Identifying Risks of Suboptimal Post-Compulsory Educational Pathways in Sweden

[1] Andrei, T., Teodorescu, D., & Oancea, B. (2011). Characteristics and causes of school dropout in the countries of the European Union. Procedia−Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, 328−332.

[2] Bäckman, O., Jakobsen, V., Lorentzen, T., Österbacka, E., & Dahl, E. (2011). Dropping out in Scandinavia. Social exclusion and labour market attachment among upper secondary school dropouts in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Arbetsrapport, 8, 3−40.

[3] Björklund, A. (2005). The market comes to education in Sweden: An evaluation of Sweden's surprising school reforms. Russell Sage Foundation.

[4] Black, S. E., Devereux, P. J., & Salvanes, K. G. (2005). Why the apple doesn't fall far: Understanding intergenerational transmission of human capital. American Economic Review, 95(1), 437−449.

[5] Böhlmark, A. (2008). Age at immigration and school performance: A siblings analysis using swedish register data. Labour Economics, 15(6), 1366−1387.

[6] Böhlmark, A., & Lindahl, M. (2007). The impact of school choice on pupil achievement, segregation and costs: Swedish evidence. IZA Discussion Paper, 2786, 1−63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.987491

[7] Cahan, S., Davis, D., & Staub, R. (2001). Age at immigration and scholastic achievement in school-age children: Is there a vulnerable age? International Migration Review, 35(2), 587−595. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2001.tb00030.x

[8] Chen, H., Cohen, P., & Chen, S. (2010). How big is a big odds ratio? Interpreting the magnitudes of odds ratios in epidemiological studies. Communications in Statistics − Simulation and Computation, 39(4), 860−864. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610911003650383

[9] Chiswick, B. R. (1971). Earnings inequality and economic development. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 85(1), 21−39. https://doi.org/10.2307/1881838

[10] Christle, C. A., Jolivette, K., & Nelson, C. M. (2007). School characteristics related to high school dropout rates. Remedial and Special Education, 28(6), 325−339. https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325070280060201

[11] Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. Q., Hobson, C. J., McPartland, J., Mood, A. M., Weinfeld, F. D., & York, R. (1966). Equality and educational opportunity. US Congressional Printing Office.

[12] Dwyer, C. A., & Johnson, L. (1997). Grades, accomplishments, and correlates. In W. Willingham & N. S. Cole (Eds.), Gender and fair assessment (pp. 127–156). Erlbaum.

[13] Elmeroth, E. (2006). Monokulturella studier av multikulturella elever: Att mäta och förklara skolresultat. Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige, 11(3), 177−194.

[14] Fjellman, A. M. (2019). School choice, private providers and differentiated mobilities in Swedish metropolitan school markets: Exploring through a counterfactual approach. International Journal of Educational Research, 98, 171−191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.08.006

[15] Greene, J. P., & Winters, M. A. (2002). Public school graduation rates in the United States. Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.

[16] Gregorio, J. D., & Lee, J. W. (2002). Education and income inequality: New evidence from cross-country data. Review of Income and Wealth, 48(3), 395−416. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00060

[17] Gustafsson, J. −E., & Yang Hansen, K. (2018). Changes in the impact of family education on student educational achievement in Sweden 1988–2014. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 62(5), 719−736. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2017.1306799

[18] Hayes, R. L., Nelson, J., Tabin, M., Pearson, G., & Worthy, C. (2002). Using school-wide data to advocate for student success. Professional School Counseling, 6(2), 86–95.

[19] Holmlund, H., Sjögren, A., & Öckert, B. (2019). Jämlikhet i möjligheter och utfall i den svenska skolan. Statens offentliga utredningar.

[20] Hosmer Jr, D. W., Lemeshow, S., & Sturdivant, R. X. (2013). Applied logistic regression, 398. John Wiley & Sons.

[21] Houthakker, H. S. (1959). Education and income. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 41(1), 24−28. https://doi.org/10.2307/1925454

[22] Jimerson, S., Egeland, B., Sroufe, L. A., & Carlson, B. (2000). A prospective longitudinal study of high school dropouts examining multiple predictors across development. Journal of School Psychology, 38(6), 525−549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(00)00051-0

[23] Kaufman, P., & Bradbury, D. (1992). Characteristics of at-risk students in NELS: 88. National education longitudinal study of 1988. Statistical analysis report. Contractor report. NCES 92−042. National Center for Education Statistics.

[24] Kenney−Benson, G. A., Pomerantz, E. M., Ryan, A. M., & Patrick, H. (2006). Sex differences in math performance: The role of children's approach to schoolwork. Developmental Psychology, 42(1), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.11

[25] Lundahl, L. (2002). Sweden: Decentralization, deregulation, quasi-markets − and then what? Journal of Education Policy, 17(6), 687−697. https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093022000032328

[26] Lundahl, L., Arreman, I. E., Holm, A.-S., & Lundström, U. (2013). Educational marketization the Swedish way. Education Inquiry, 4(3), 497−517. https://doi.org/10.3402/edui.v4i3.22620

[27] Mellén, J. (2021). Stability and change: Policy, options, and choice in Swedish upper secondary education. Göteborgs universitet.

[28] Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998−2017). Mplus user's guide. Muthén & Muthén. https://www.statmodel.com/download/usersguide/Mplus%20Users%20Guide%20v6.pdf

[29] Nylund, M. (2013). Yrkesutbildning, klass & kunskap: en studie om sociala och politiska implikationer av innehållets organisering i yrkesorienterad utbildning med fokus på 2011 års gymnasiereform. Örebro universitet.

[30] OECD. (2016). OECD Factbook 2015−2016: Economic, environmental and social statistics. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/factbook−2015−en.

[31] OECD. (2020). Education at a glance 2020: OECD Indicator. OECD Publishing.

[32] Põder, K., Lauri, T., & Veski, A. (2017). Does school admission by zoning affect educational inequality? A study of family background effect in Estonia, Finland, and Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 61(6), 668−688. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2016.1173094

[33] Rolfe, V. (2021). Exploring socioeconomic inequality in educational opportunity and outcomes in Sweden and beyond. Göteborgs universitet.

[34] Rolfe, V., Strietholt, R., & Yang Hansen, K. (2021). Does inequality in opportunity perpetuate inequality in outcomes? International evidence from four TIMSS cycles. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 71, 101086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2021.101086

[35] Rumberger, R. W. (1987). High school dropouts: A review of issues and evidence. Review of Educational Research, 57(2), 101−121. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543057002101

[36] SCB. (2007). Barn, boendesegregation och skolresultat. https://www.temaasyl.se/Documents/Offentliga%20utredningar%20och%20rapporter%20(sv)/Myndigheter/barn%2C%20boende%20och%20skolresultat%20scb%202007.pdf

[37] SCB. (2021). Folkmängd efter födelseland 1900−2020. https://scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/

[38] Schiller, K. S., Khmelkov, V. T., & Wang, X. Q. (2002). Economic development and the effects of family characteristics on mathematics achievement. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(3), 730−742. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00730.x

[39] Schlicht, R., Stadelmann-Steffen, I., & Freitag, M. (2010). Educational inequality in the EU the effectiveness of the national education policy. European Union Politics, 11(1), 29−60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116509346387

[40] Schwarz, G., & Cavener, L. A. (1994). Outcome-based education and curriculum change: Advocacy, practice, and critique. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, 9(2), 326.

[41] SFS 2010:800. (2010). Skollag. Utbildningsdepartementet.

[42] SFS 2011:1108. (2011). Förordning om vuxenutbildning. Utbildningsdepartementet.

[43] Sirin, S. R. (2005). Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review of research. Review of Educational Research, 75(3), 417−453. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543075003417

[44] Skolverket. (1994). Läroplan för det obligatoriska skolväsendet, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet Lpo 94. https://www.skolverket.se/download/18.6bfaca41169863e6a6549cc/1553957866629/pdf1069.pdf

[45] Skolverket. (2003). Valfrihet och dess effekter inom skolområdet. https://www.skolverket.se/download/18.6bfaca41169863e6a654c68/1553958036465/pdf1154.pdf

[46] Skolverket. (2009). Vad påverkar resultaten i svensk grundskola? Kunskapsöversikt om betydelsen av olika faktorer. https://www.skolverket.se/publikationer?id=2260

[47] Skolverket. (2012). Likvärdig utbildning i svensk grundskola? En kvantitativ analys av likvärdighet över tid (Rapport 374). https://www.skolverket.se/getFile?file=2816

[48] Skolverket. (2016). Val av grundskola. https://www.skolverket.se/regelverk/mer-om-skolans-ansvar/val-av-grundskola-1.210176

[49] Skolverket. (2018a). Elever med undervisning i modersmål och svenska som andraspråk (SVA) läsårset 2000/2001. https://www.skolverket.se/skolutveckling/statistik/sok-statistik-om-forskola-skola-och-vuxenutbildning?sok=SokC&omrade=Skolor%20och%20elever&lasar=2000/01&run=1

[50] Skolverket. (2018b). Läroplan för grundsärskolan (reviderad 2018). https://www.skolverket.se/publikationer?id=3976

[51] Skolverket. (2018c). Undervisning i modersmål och svenska som andraspråk. https://www.skolverket.se/skolutveckling/statistik/sok-statistik-om-forskola-skola-och-vuxenutbildning?sok=Sok-C&omrade=Skolor%20och%20elever&lasar=2017/18&run=1

[52] Skolverket. (2021a). Bygg- och anläggningsprogrammet. https://www.skolverket.se/undervisning/gymnasieskolan/laroplan-program-och-amnen-i-gymnasieskolan/gymnasieprogrammen/program?url=-996270488%2Fsyllabuscw%2Fjsp%2Fprogram.htm%3FprogramCode%3DBA001%26tos%3Dgy&sv.url=12.5dfee44715d35a5cdfa9295

[53] Skolverket. (2021b). Gymnasieprogrammen. https://www.skolverket.se/undervisning/gymnasieskolan/laroplan-program-och-amnen-i-gymnasieskolan/gymnasieprogrammen

[54] Skolverket. (2021c). Introduktionsprogram. https://www.skolverket.se/undervisning/gymnasieskolan/laroplan-program-och-amnen-i-gymnasieskolan/gymnasieprogrammen/introduktionsprogram

[55] Skolverket. (2021d). Naturvetenskapsprogrammet. https://www.skolverket.se/undervisning/gymnasieskolan/laroplan-program-och-amnen-i-gymnasieskolan/gymnasieprogrammen/program?url=-996270488%2Fsyllabuscw%2Fjsp%2Fprogram.htm%3FprogramCode%3DNA001%26tos%3Dgy&sv.url=12.5dfee44715d35a5cdfa9295

[56] Smink, J., & Schargel, F. P. (2004). Helping students graduate: A strategic approach to dropout prevention. Routledge.

[57] Svensson, A. (2006). Hur skall rekryteringen till högskolans mest eftersökta utbildningar breddas? Pedagogisk Forskning I Sverige, 11(2), 116−133.

[58] Szumilas, M. (2010). Explaining odds ratios. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(3), 227−229.

[59] Taguma, M., Kim, M., Brink, S., & Teltemann, J. (2010). OECD Reviews of migrant education: Sweden. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264086234-en

[60] Tan, C. Y. (2017). Examining cultural capital and student achievement: Results of a meta-analytic review. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 63(2), 139−159.

[61] Trumberg, A., & Urban, S. (2021). School choice and its long-term impact on social mobility in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 65(4), 569−583. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2020.1739129

[62] University of Gothenburg. (2020). GOLD: Gothenburg educational longitudinal database. https://www.gu.se/en/education-special-education/gold

[63] Wahlström, N., & Sundberg, D. (2015). En teoribaserad utvärdering av läroplanen Lgr 11. Institutet för arbetsmarknads− och utbildningspolitisk utvärdering (IFAU).

[64] Wikström, C. (2006). Education and assessment in Sweden. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 13(1), 113−128. https://doi.org/10.1080/09695940600563470

[65] World Bank. (2020). Education statistics − all indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/education-statistics-%5e-all-indicators#

[66] Yang, Y. (2003). Measuring socioeconomic status and its effects at individual and collective levels: A cross-country comparison. Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.